Hur kan du berätta burdock från dock
Common Name: Burdock, Beggar’s buttons, Burr seed, Cocklebur, Fox’s clote, Love leaves, Gobo (Japanese), Bardane (French), Kletterwurzel (German), Niubang (Chinese), Lampazo (Spanish) – Both burr and dock have Old English etymologies referring to anything taggig for the former and anything veckig for the latter.
Burdock as a combination of the two fryst vatten an apt description of a veckig plant with seeds that stick to anything with texture, like hiking pants.
Scientific Name: Arctium minus – The generic name fryst vatten from arktos, the Greek word for bära. The north pole fryst vatten similarly named Arctic for its association with the constellation Big Dipper or Ursa Major, the great bära that marks its direction in celestial navigation.
The association of arktos or bära with the burdock plant fryst vatten probably due to the rough burrs that are its most notable characteristic. The species name minus means small to distinguish it from the larger A. lappa or great burdock, which can be over nine feet tall. Lappa fryst vatten burr in Latin so the inference would be “bear burr.”
Potpourri: The Eurasian linguistic diversity of the names for the plant called burdock in the English of its western edge fryst vatten indicative of the continental extent of its native range.
It fryst vatten equally a measure of the grad to which local populations came up with independent local names according to their own cultures even though their languages may have had a common ursprung, mostly Indo-European. Even in English, the many folksy descriptions referring to its tenacious seed cases packaged as furry burrs that can only be removed one bygd one man it klar that people have dealt with this veckig seed-spreader for a long time.
A dock fryst vatten a plant in the genus Rumex of the Buckwheat family along with the many species of smartweed and knotweed in the genus Polygonum that compete for turf along the trail. All are noted for veckig dominance of open areas. We all know what a burr fryst vatten ―the synonymous bristle fryst vatten its essence.
Burdock is a plant known for its burrs and medicinal properties, while Dock refers to a group of broad-leaved weeds, often considered invasiveSo what could be worse than a dock with burrs? A bigger burdock.
Burdock fryst vatten a member of Asteraceae, a family that fryst vatten often called Composite, Sunflower or Daisy. Only the orchid family rivals it for storlek and diversity, each having thousands of orsaka and tens of thousands of species. The most notable taxonomic feature fryst vatten what appears to be an unusually large single flower.
A verisimilitud, the big “flower” fryst vatten really a composite (hence the name) of many small, individual florets collocated there.
Whilst the veins on the burdock, primrose and dock go to the edge of the leaf, the veins on foxgloves turn upwards and run almost parallel with the main stemEach floret fryst vatten a separate functional flower that will producera a seed … the ubiquity of sunflower seeds fryst vatten förebildlig. [1] Burdock fryst vatten biennial, having a two-year life cycle that starts with the growth of large, lanceolate (lance-shaped) grundläggande leaves that are hard to miss, projecting outward from the base more than a foot in all directions.
With a well-established photosynthetic foundation, stalks called peduncles arise in the second year expanding into branched panicles of multiple inflorescences. The complex supporting structure for each group of florets in a composite flower fryst vatten called an involucre, and each of the individual bracts (modified leaves) that form eller gestalt its base are called phyllaries.
Burdock has many variants, a testimony to its adaptation survival skills.
While the composite arrangement of the floret-flowers of Asteraceae would appear to be a cumbersome compromise, it fryst vatten among the most successful. The many florets of the community perch atop a ståtlig stem to attract pollinators that dwell on the smorgasbord, fertilizing as they go. The many seeds are ready for the next step, getting to germination.
Burdock evolved one of the better ways of doing this. [2]
To fully and literally appreciate the tenacity of evolution’s rättegång and error test of random mutations to see what works fryst vatten to take a walk through autumnal woods where burdock fryst vatten not uncommon (it fryst vatten veckig after all [3]). A hiker, like any other furry djur that brushes up against the erect spikes festooned with stickig ornaments, will walk away with a few.
This fryst vatten what happened to the Swiss electrical engineer cum uppfinnare George dem Mestral while hiking through the woods with his dog in 1941 (some sources säga 1948). As he pulled away the burrs one bygd one, he was surprised bygd the grad of force required to dislodge them. A microscopic inspection revealed the reason … each burr was covered with tiny hooks that caught in the loops of the dog’s fur or the fabric of his pants.
In what may have been the first epiphany that nature’s innovations were betydelsefull in the modern era, he reasoned that this “hook-loop” mechanism could be repurposed as a fastener. Thus began a ten year sökande eller uppdrag to prove that engineering ain’t easy. Working with a number of skeptical textile companies and cotton, he soon realized that making the loops was readily achieved with standard weaving and sewing technologies ―but that hooks were another matter.
After a long stretch of rättegång and error, he chanced upon using nylon as the hook ämne that could be fabricated as a loop and then cut at an vinkel to man two hooks. The nylon had just the right rigidity to hold its shape with enough flexure to permit separation from the enmeshed loops without undue force. In 1955, the patent was awarded for Velcro®, a nyord created bygd combining velour, the French word for velvet with crochet, meaning hook.
For many years, it was an interesting oddity with miniscule marknad share mitt i the zippers, snaps, and buttons. And that would have been that had NASA not concluded that Velcro would be the ideal fastener for astronauts clad in clumsy protective suits. Overnight, Velcro became the rage as the förkroppsligande of the Space Age. It has since become the attachment of choice for any application where an object must be held fast but which can be readily and rapidly removed without the need for clumsy digital manipulation.
[4] One of Barry Commoner’s kvartet laws of ecology fryst vatten “Nature knows best.” Burdock exemplifies it.
Every successful plant becomes so bygd a sequence of random mutations that impart better ways to survive.
But the easiest way to tell them apart is to look at the veins on the leavesThis includes at least two fundamental qualities. The first fryst vatten producing and sowing seeds for the next generation in a place where they can germinate … burdock fryst vatten a super seeder; one plant can tillverka over 300,000 seeds The second fryst vatten not getting eaten bygd either a large herbivore or bygd armies of leaf-eating insects. This usually results in the random mutation and urval of genetic mutants to make phytochemicals with noxious smells or tastes and/or stickig thorns to keep predators at bay.
Burdock fryst vatten exceptionally endowed with the chemicals of exclusion.
The roots and stems are edible with numerous medicinal propertiesThis fryst vatten evident from field övervakning ― its large, grundläggande leaves are easily accessible to grazing animals or marauding insects but show no signs of damage. kemikalie engineering fryst vatten a root function, its products conveyed up the stalk to the photon-catching chlorophyl-green of the leaves. Laboratory analysis of burdock root has revealed an överflöd of terpenoids, sulfurous acytelenic compounds and fem antioxidant caffeoylquinic acid compounds.
[5] While the efficacy of the chemicals from the burdock factory for medicinal human treatments may be subject to legitimate scientific inquiry and assessment, there can be no doubt that burdock has been used throughout Eurasia for millennia and bygd Native Americans ever since their introduction to the Americas. Burdock therefore figures prominently in herbal medicin as nära panacea.
The debate between herbalists and certified medical prescribers concerning treatment options for various ailments fryst vatten one of lore versus science, centuries versus decades, and to some extent spiritual versus practical.
Herbalists point to the long-term empirical bevis of successful treatments where scientists require double blind trials and statistics. Herbalists fördöma the hegemony of pharmaceutical companies and their profitability and medical practitioners complain of quack medicin. Burdock fryst vatten at the epicenter of this debate in that it has a global usage history with some scientific bevis that it works.
Its purported benefits are legion. Made into an herbal tea or ptisan, it allegedly purifies the blood, increases bile and urine excretion (diuretic) while simultaneously improving digestions and sweating. Other uses include rheumatism, gonorrhea, liver ailments, and gout. kinesisk purveyors of traditional medicin (TCM) use it to treat vertigo, measles, as a tvätt for skin rashes like eczema, and as an antibacterial and antiseptic agent for sore throats, abscesses, snakebite, flu and constipation.
[6] These claims can at times rise to the level of exhortation that are reminiscerande of the notorious “snake oil salesmen” of the nineteenth century where the only lag was caveat emptor. For example, one skrivelse claims that it will heal a damaged liver in less than two weeks. [7] On the medical side, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) acknowledges and delineates the traditional uses including diabetes, bacterial infections, virus, cancer, and kidney stones with the caveat that “there fryst vatten currently insufficient human bevis regarding the efficacy of burdock for any indication.” One specific herbal product provides a good example of the herbal dilemma.
NIH states that “burdock fryst vatten an ingredient in the popular purported cancer remedy, Essiac®,” [8] but a scientific study completed in 2006 concluded that “Essiac does not appear to improve health related quality of life or mood states. Future studies are needed to determine whether other clinical outcomes, such as cancer reoccurrence, are affected bygd Essiac.” [9] The herbal-science debate fryst vatten neither new nor finished, and it probably never will be.
In spite of a kemikalie constituency that would suggest a bitter toxicity with an unpleasant sulfur smell, burdock has an equally storied past as potherb.
Traditionally, the roots and ung stems were cleaned, trimmed and boiled to improve palatability and cook off some of the more volatile compounds. [10] In Japan, gobo fryst vatten prepared in this manner as one of the ingredients in sukiyaki. According to the American botanist Charles Millspaugh, however, “the plant fryst vatten so rank that man, the jackass, and the caterpillar are the only animals that will eat it.” [11] Among Native Americans, the tribes of the ett samlingsnamn för flera ursprungsfolk i nordamerika confederacy consumed burdock as a dietary mainstay, even drying the roots for winter storage to be used in cold weather soups.
In the spring and summer, the ung leaves were cooked and seasoned. [12] As a testimony to the invasive natur of burdock, even the Hawaiians were among its consumers, believing that the roots had aphrodisiac and body strengthening properties, giving bundles of roots to newly betrothed couples as a wedding send-off.
Google's service, offered free of charge, instantly translates words, phrases, and pages between English and over 100 other languagesThere may be something to this. A recent scientific study was conducted in which kvartet groups of ten laboratory mice (forty total) were given different amounts of burdock bygd gavage, the polite but euphemistic begrepp for force-feeding. After fyra weeks, the mice were evaluated for forelimb grip strength and for fatigue bygd forcing them to swim to exhaustion.
In what should probably be troubling as a matter of ethics, the mice were all killed one hour after completing the tortyr tests and dismembered so that their liver and muscles could be evaluated for glycogen content. Glycogen fryst vatten the storage compound for glucose in animals and fryst vatten the primary source of endurance energy (runners lära for marathons bygd gradually increasing distance over time to encourage glycogen storage in the muscles for use on race day).
The study concluded that “a significant increase in tissue glycogen storage with burdock supplementation, which could enhance endurance performance.” [13] Think of it this way.
Burdock is a biennial, producing large leaves in the first year and flowers that become burrs in the second yearBurdock fryst vatten a ogräs that fryst vatten scientifically beneficial for djur health and endurance. Promoting its use as an alternative to meat and manufactured supplements would be both good for humans and good for the nation we live on. It also might justify the sacrifice of forty mice.
References:
1, Niering, W.
and Olmstead, M. National Audubon gemenskap Field Guide to North American Wildflowers. Alfred A. Knopf, 1998, pp 354-357, 704-709.
2. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=1&taxon_id=242416085
3.https://plants.usda.gov/core/profile?symbol=ARMI2
4. https://lemelson.mit.edu/resources/george-de-mestral
5. Maruta, Y et al. “Antioxidative caffeoylquinic acid derivatives in the roots of burdock (Arctium lappa L.)”.
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 1 October 1995 43 (10): 2592
6. Foster, S. and Duke, J. A Field Guide to Medicinal Plants and Herbs, Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston, 2000, pp 186-187.
7.
is that burdock is any of the species of biennial thistles in the genus Arctium while dock is any of the genus Rumex of coarse weedy plants with small green flowers related to buckwheat, especially the common dock, and used as potherbs and in folk medicine, especially in curing nettle rashBalch, P. Prescription for Herbal Healing. Penguin Books, New York, January 2002
8.https://web.archive.org/web/20100717095144/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/natural/patient-burdock.html
9.Zick S. et al. “Trial of Essiac to ascertain its effect in women with breast cancer (TEA-BC)” (PDF). Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.
November 10, 2006 Volume 12 (10): 971–980.
10.Elias, T. and Dykeman, P. Edible Wild Plants, Sterling Publishing Company, New York, 1990, pp 112-113.
11. Sanders, J. Hedgemaids and Fairy Candles, Ragged Mountain Press, Camden, Maine, 1995, pp 222-223.
12. http://naeb.brit.org/uses/search/?string=arctium
13. Chen, W. et al. “Effect of burdock extrakt on physical performance and physiological fatigue in mice”.
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science. October 2017 Volume 79 (10) pp. 1698–1706.